STANDARD:
8.4.1 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of the structure and function of living systems.
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8.4.1 a Investigate
and describe the levels of organizations:
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and whole organisms. |
8.4.1 c Investigate and demonstrate that all living things are composed of cells. |
8.4.1 f Investigate and describe the specialized function performed by specialized cells (e.g., muscular and skeletal) in multi-cellular organisms. |
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8.4.1 b Investigate
the human body systems. |
8.4.1 d Investigate and explain how cells sustain life through functions (e.g., growth and nutrition). |
8.4.1 g Describe the human body systems and how they interact. |
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8.4.1 e Investigate and explain how disease affects the structure and /or function of an organism. |
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STANDARD:
8.4.2 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of reproduction and heredity.
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8.4.2 a Investigate and describe how all organisms reproduce through sexual or asexual reproduction. |
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8.4.2 b Investigate and describe that in many species, offspring receive hereditary information from the female (eggs) and male (sperm). |
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8.4.2 c Investigate and explain that chromosomes contain genes which influence heredity. |
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8.4.2 d Investigate and describe the effects of inherited traits and environmental influences on an organism’s characteristics. |
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STANDARD:
8.4.3 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of regulation and behavior.
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8.4.3 a Investigate
and explain how organism’s behavior enhance their abilities to obtain and use
resources, grow, and reproduce. |
8.4.3 d Investigate how behavior is a response to internal and external stimuli determine by heredity and experience. |
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8.4.3 b Investigate
and examine how an organism senses change in its internal or external
environment and responds to keep
conditions within a required range. |
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8.4.3 c Investigate
and explain how an organism’s behavior evolves through environmental
adaptation. |
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STANDARD:
8.4.4 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of populations and ecosystems.
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8.4.4 a Investigate
and describe that a population consists of all individuals of a species at a
given place and time. |
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8.4.4 b Investigate
and analyze the living and nonliving factors that determine the number of
organisms an ecosystem can support. |
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8.4.4 c Describe an
organism by the function it serves in an ecosystem (e.g., producer, consumer,
and decomposer) |
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8.4.4 d Investigate and explain how energy entering ecosystems as sunlight is transferred by producers into chemical energy through photosynthesis, and that energy then passes from organism to organism in food webs. |
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STANDARD:
8.4.5 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of diversity and adaptations of organisms.
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8.4.5 a Explain how internal structures, similarity of chemical processes, (e.g., photosynthesis and respiration) and evidence of common ancestry demonstrate unity among organisms. |
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8.4.5 b Investigate how organisms adapt to living and nonliving factors in a biome. |
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8.4.5 c Investigate and explain how environmental changes created by nature and by humans may cause species extinction. |
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8.4.5 d Explain how organisms adapt to living and nonliving factors in a biome. |
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STANDARD
8.5.1 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of the structure of the earth.
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8.5.1 a Investigate and describe the crust, mantle, and core of the earth. |
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8.5.1 d Investigate and describe the composition of the atmosphere at different altitudes. |
8.5.1 e Investigate and describe the composition of soils. |
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8.5.1 b Investigate and describe how a combination of constructive and destructive forces create land forms. |
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8.5.1 f Investigate and describe the influence of topography, location, and oceans on climate. |
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8.5.1 c Investigate and describe the water cycle. |
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8.5.1g Investigate
and describe the effect of living organisms on weathering and the atmosphere. |
STANDARD:
8.5.2 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of earth’s history.
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8.5.2 a Investigate the fossil record to provide evidence and explain how environmental conditions have changed. |
8.5.2 b Use the fossil record to provide evidence and explain how environmental conditions have changed. |
8.5.2 c Investigate how earth processes that occur today (e.g., volcanism, weather, and erosion) are similar to those that occurred in the past. |
8.5.2 d Describe how earth processes that occur today (e.g., volcanism, weather, and erosion) are similar to those that occurred in the past. |
STANDARD:
8.5.3 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of the earth in the solar system.
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8.5.3 a Investigate and list the components of the solar system. |
8.5.3 c Investigate and describe the motion of objects in the solar system that support the concepts of day, year, eclipses, and phases of the moon. |
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8.5.3 d Describe the influence of gravity on objects in the solar system. |
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8.5.3 b Investigate the influence of gravity on objects in the solar system. |
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8.5.3 e Investigate and describe the sun as the major source of energy that influences the atmosphere and the earth’s surface. |
STANDARD:
8.6.1 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of technological design.
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8.6.1a Identify problems for technological design. |
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8.6.1b Design a solution or product. |
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8.6.1c Evaluate completed technological designs or products. |
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8.6.1d Communicate the process of technological design. |
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STANDARD:
8.6.2 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of science and technology.
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8.6.2a Distinguish between scientific inquiry (asking questions about the natural world) and technological design (using science to solve practical problems). |
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8.6.2b Describe how science and technology are reciprocal. |
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8.6.2c Assess the avoidable and unavoidable limits of a technological design. |
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8.6.2d Recognize that solutions have intended and unintended consequences |
STANDARD:
8.7.1 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of personal health.
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8.7.1a Identify and research substances harmful to human beings in the natural environment (e.g., radon, lead, and nitrates). |
8.7.1b Investigate and explain how personal choices can directly affect a person’s health (e.g., exercise, nutrition, and use of drugs). |
STANDARD:
8.7.2 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of populations, resources, and environments.
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8.7.2a Investigate and describe how population levels affect resources and the environment. |
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8.7.2b Investigate and understand that the causes of environmental degradation and resource depletion vary locally and globally. |
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STANDARD:
8.7.3 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of natural hazards.
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8.7.3a Investigate and describe the effect of natural hazards on the environment (e.g., earthquakes, landslides, wildfires, floods, and storms). |
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8.7.3b Investigate and describe human activities (e.g., urban growth, land use, and waste disposal) which can accelerate many natural changes. |
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STANDARD:
8.7.4 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of risks and benefits.
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8.7.4 a Analyze a type of hazard (e.g., natural, chemical, or biological) to evaluate the options for reducing or eliminating human risk. |
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8.7.4 b Describe how perceptions of risks and benefits influence personal and social decisions (e.g., seat belt usage and waste disposal procedures). |
STANDARD:
8.7.5 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of science and technology in society.
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8.7.5a Explain that the effect of science on society is neither entirely beneficial nor entirely detrimental. |
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8.7.5b Explain why science cannot answer all questions and technology cannot solve all human problems or meet all human needs. |
STANDARD:
8.1.1 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of systems, order and organization.
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8.1.1a Create and use classification schemes. |
8.1.1b Interpret cause and effect relationships within and between systems. |
8.1.1d Recognize and describe key parts and functions of any system. |
8.1.1e Analyze and predict the interactions within a system and between systems. |
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8.1.1c Identify the steps that are followed when using the scientific method. |
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STANDARD:
8.1.2 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of evidence, models and explanation.
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8.1.2a Collect, manipulate, and analyze data from an experiment. |
8.1.2b Observe and develop models (e.g., physical, mathematical, mental, and computer simulations. |
8.1.2c Interpret and explain results of experimentation. |
8.1.2d Analyze whether or not investigative procedures and conclusions are reasonable. |
STANDARD:
8.1.3 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of change, constancy and measurement.
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8.1.3a Select and use appropriate measurement units. |
8.1.3c Quantify changes in systems (e.g., magnitude, direction, and rate). |
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8.1.3b Apply English and metric systems of measurements. |
8.1.3d Investigate and describe changes in terms of scale, rate, and pattern. |
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STANDARD:
8.1.4 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of form and function.
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8.1.4a Demonstrate how the design of an object makes it possible for that object to perform a specialized task (e.g., a bicycle or an artificial heart). |
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STANDARD:
8.2.1 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop the abilities needed to do scientific inquiry.
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8.2.1a Use mathematics in scientific inquiry. |
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8.2.1b Identify questions and form hypotheses that can be examined through scientific investigations. |
8.2.1e Design and conduct a scientific investigation. |
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8.2.1c Recognize and analyze alternative explanations and predictions. |
8.2.1f use appropriate tools and techniques to gather, analyze, and interpret data. |
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8.2.1d Communicate scientific procedures and explanations. |
8.2.1g Given evidence, develop descriptions, explanations, predictions, and models. |
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8.2.1h Show the relationship between evidence and explanations. |
STANDARD:
8.3.1 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of the properties and changes of properties in matter.
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8.3.1a Use the periodic table to identify common elements (e.g., oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen). |
8.3.1c Use the periodic table to identify common elements (e.g., oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen). |
8.3.1f Investigate and demonstrate that characteristic properties of substances (e.g., density, boiling point, and solubility) do not depend on the amount of the substance. |
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8.3.1b Identify the subatomic particles within the atom. |
8.3.1d Identify the subatomic particles within the atom. |
8.3.1g Explain that all matter is composed of elements which may combine in a variety of ways to form compounds. |
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8.3.1e Observe, describe, and measure physical and chemical properties of matter. |
8.3.1h Investigate and explain that in chemical reactions new properties are created and total mass is conserved. |
STANDARD:
8.3.2 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of motion and forces.
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8.3.2a Investigate and describe the motion of an object by its position, direction of motion, and speed. |
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8.3.2b Investigate and demonstrate that the speed and/or direction of an object changes when a force is applied to that object. |
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STANDARD:
8.3.3 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of the forms of energy and how energy is transferred.
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8.3.3a Investigate and demonstrate how energy is transferred using simple machines. |
8.3.3b Investigate and describe the transfer of light energy. |
8.3.3e Investigate and describe the transfer of energy from electrical and magnetic sources to different energy forms (e.g., heat, light, sound, and chemical). |
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8.3.3c Investigate and describe how heat is transferred from a warmer object to a cooler object until both reach the same temperature. |
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8.3.3d Investigate and describe the properties and transfer of sound energy. |
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STANDARD:
8.8.1 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of science as a human endeavor.
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8.8.1a Investigate and understand that women and men of various social and ethnic backgrounds, working alone or in teams, engage in the activities of science, engineering, and related fields. |
8.8.1b Explain the need for ethical codes followed by scientists (e.g., humane treatment of animals and truth in reporting). |
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8.8.1c Investigate and understand that science requires different abilities, based on the type of inquiry and relies upon basic human qualities and scientific habits of mind. |
STANDARD:
8.8.2 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of the nature of science.
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8.8.2a Formulate and test a hypothesis using observations, experiments, and models. |
8.8.2b Use questioning, response to criticism, and open communication when defending a conclusion. |
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8.8.2c Evaluate the results of scientific investigations, experiments, observations, theoretical models, and the explanations proposed by other scientists. |
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8.8.2d Understand that scientific theories are based on observations., governed by rules of reasoning, and used to predict events. |
STANDARD:
8.8.3 By the end of eighth grade, students will develop an understanding of the history of science.
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8.8.3a Research and describe the difficulties experienced by scientific innovators who had to overcome commonly held beliefs of their times to reach conclusions that we now take for granted. |